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21 Lessons For The 21st Century SIGNED ハードカバー – 2018/8/30

英語版 Yuval Noah Harari (著)

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英語
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JONATHAN CAPE
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2018/8/30
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16.8 x 3.4 x 21.8 cm
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ASIN ‏ : ‎ B07BZ5F726
出版社 ‏ : ‎ JONATHAN CAPE (2018/8/30)
発売日 ‏ : ‎ 2018/8/30
言語 ‏ : ‎ 英語
寸法 ‏ : ‎ 16.8 x 3.4 x 21.8 cm

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tamano

difference between fiction and reality

2023年5月5日に日本でレビュー済み

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Sapience, Homo Deus, and 21 Lessons are the authors' trilogy, which consists of past, future, and present. As the title says, twenty-one essays give us knowledge and insight about human beings. Although most chapters come from two earlier books, the last two are almost new.
What is the meaning of life if everything is fiction? He suggests meditation for self-exploration and self-understanding. People in the 20th century believed in fictional stories, but those in the 21st century can learn the difference between fiction and reality.
His clarity of sentences compels me to turn the pages.

2019年9月16日に日本でレビュー済み

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本書は、著者のベストセラー作、SapiensとHomo Deusから派生したものですが、著者がどうして前二作の主張に至ったかをわかりやすく説明しており、新鮮さに満ちた新しい作品に仕上がっています。そして、実際に苦しんでいたりする人々を救え、地球温暖化に対応せよ、などと主張しています。

本作でも、予見に囚われずに冷徹に事実のみを見る姿勢を終始貫きながらも、人類が今日直面する多くの多様な問題にひとつひとつ真摯でポジティブな姿勢で解答を試みており、読者は虚無に陥ることなく読書を楽しめます。

前二作同様に、驚くほど大量の資料をもとに、インターネットやAIや生命科学の時代を具体的に分析していきます。冷戦後の混迷する国際政治の分析はもちろん、第十九章のEducationではAI時代の教育にも触れています。その分析は教育の専門家の一般向けの著作よりはるかに鋭いものです。具体的には、Harariは本書で、Bernie Trilling, Charles Fadel, 21 Century Skills; Cathy N. Davidson, The New Education などの書物を紹介し、AI時代には、Cではじまる4つのスキル、すなわち批判的思考、コミュニケーション、協力、創造力 (The Four Cs : critical thinking, communicatioin, collaboration, and creativity) が大事であり、変化に対応し、新しいことを覚え、未知の環境でも心の平安を保てること (ability to deal with change, learn new things, and preserve your mental balance in unfamiliar situation) が必要であり、新しいアイディアや商品を創造するのみならず自分自身こそを再創造していく必要がある現実を受け入れなければならない (not merely to invent new ideas and products but above all to reinvent yourself again and again) と主張しています。こうして今日の問題すべてに新しい視座を紹介しており、その説得には力があります。

そして、これまでの価値観や社会体制が通用しなくなったこと、それらは加速度的にかわっていくこと、地球の温暖化のように世界的な大きな課題が発生する一方、それら新しい問題に対応することは、進化を通じて人類が生まれ備わった能力の制限上、そもそも困難であることを説明し、人間もアルゴリズムで動くシステムに過ぎず、どういうアルゴリズムを組むかについての選択の機会は人間に与えられていないし、世界に意味があるわけではない、と冷徹に主張し、第五部に課題の解としてResilienceを上げています。また、最終章で、生きているとはどういうことか、瞑想によって追究することを勧めています。瞑想により生きていることの事実を追求することを勧めています。

もっとも日本の現代史の記述には、やや、浅さを感じざるを得ません。また、ゲイである著者の立場の弁護を驚くほど熱心に展開しています。

本書は書名に準じて後述の21の章で構成されています。各章の題と副題は巧妙に本文の内容を表しています。

第一部 The Technological Challenge
(Biotech とinfotech によりこれまで世界中で最も価値がある政治信条とされたLiberalismがその価値を失う。)
第一章 Disillusionment “The End of History Has Been Postponed”
第二章 Work “When You Grow Up, You Might Not Have a Job”
第三章 Liberty “Big Data Is Watching You”
第四章 Equality “Those Who Own the Data Own the Future”

第二部 The Political Challenge
(Biotech とinfotechは、現代社会の基礎であるLiberalismのみならずEquality(平等主義)をも脅かす。それに対応するには世界中で協力することが必要であるところ、Nationalism, 宗教、文化の差異がそれを困難にしている。）
第五章 Community “Humans Have Bodies”
第六章 Civilization “There Is Just One Civilization in the World”
第七章 Nationalism “Global Problems Need Global Answers”
第八章 Religion “God Now Serves the Nation”
第九章 Immigration “Some Cultures Might Be Better than Others”

第三部 Despair and Hope
（人類の直面する課題はこれまで経験したことのないものであり、人類の間の非合意は頑固なものだが、人類が恐怖心を抑え謙虚になることができればこの難局に対処できる）
第十章 Terrorism “Don’t Panic”
第十一章 War “Never Underestimate Human Stupidity”
第十二章 Humility “You Are Not the Center of the World”
第十三章 God “Don’t Talk the Name of God in Vain”
第十四章 Secularism “Acknowledge Your Shadow”

第四部 Truth
(地球上の人類の危機にどうしてよいか分からなくなるのは当然だ。現代世界はだれにとっても複雑すぎる。ではどうやって真の世界像を知ることができるか？)

第十五章 Ignorance “You Know Less than You Think”
第十六章 Justice “Our Sense of Justice Might Be Out of Date”
第十七章 Post-Truth “Some Fake News Lasts Forever”
第十八章 Science Fiction “The Future Is Not What You See in the Movies”

第五部 Resilience
(過去の知識や価値観が無効になりそれに代わるものが見つからないという混乱に際してどう生きるか？)
第十九章 Education “Change Is the Only Constant”
第二十章 Meaning “Life Is Not a Story”
第二十一章 Meditation “Just Observe”

Q&A with Yuval Noah Harari

英語版は、前二作同様、わかりやすい単純で明快な、しかし、退屈しない英語で書かれており、高校までの課程をしっかり済ませてあればだれでも十分読むことができると思います。KindleのWordwiseを使いながらであれば語彙面でも相当楽に読み進めます。英語版は廉価なので、是非ご一読ください。

13人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています

役に立った

Y.S.

21 lessons for NOW

2020年2月11日に日本でレビュー済み

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It's time to deep dive into “now”; the author of two world best sellers, "Sapiens" exploring the "past" of human being by analyzing "sharing fictions" which has been driving the flourish of homo sapiens with differentiating it from other creatures, and "Homo Deus" predicting a tragic "future" in which human being are ruled by AI utilizing advanced information technology and bio technology, this time focuses on the "present and near future" to find out the root cause of issues in the world today by applying perspectives from two books, and shows some of his ideas for resolution.

The author is warning that a widely prevailed notion in the world today that each individual contributes growth and flourish of her or his community as a rational, if not perfect, decision maker with "free will", is actually an illusion created by “fictional stories" such as "nation", "liberalism", and "religion". To overcome such a vulnerable "free will" and to avoid a threatening future ruled by AI, people should realize ethics which is commonly accepted by any nation, culture or religion. It includes seeking truth without any bias, compassion to others suffering, equality with no exception, freedom of thinking and experiment, and brave to fight prejudice and to admit ignorance. Finally the author recommends mindfulness enables us to realize the meaning of life by practical
meditation in which we can focus on our consciousness and essence of things without being hacked by fictional stories.

Whereas the author reached a clear conclusion in both of the previous books, Harari shows "an entrance" for readers to take part in discussions he has been having with various people across the globe as well as some pieces of idea he is pondering through these discussions. Readers will enjoy not only the author's surprisingly sharp view, just same as these from the previous books, to things we take for granted or even blindly accept, but also feeling as if she or he is joining on-going discussions through the 21 lessons.

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Muito boa recomendo

Livro

2024年1月27日にブラジルでレビュー済み

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Muito bom

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Amazon Customer

21 lessons for the 21 century

2024年1月17日にメキシコでレビュー済み

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Excelente libro, el autor en sí ya es una referencia y sus reflexiones de lo que ya está en puerta para todos nosotros son maravillosas

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Arthur R. Silen

This is a philosophy of life as it is lived in the modern world

2024年1月12日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み

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I did a cover-to-cover preview, having received my copy of it late yesterday afternoon. I actually spent about two hours, reading short excerpts and getting a feel for how the writer marshals his facts and crafts his arguments. From there, I previewed the enumerated topics of the book, following the flow of argument and the evidence Yuval Noah Harari refers to make his point. The main thing about this book is to understand that the 21st century is going to be unlike anything humankind has experienced in the past. Our prior experience will not necessarily be a trustworthy guide to our future as a species. Harare is an Israeli Jew who came to knowledge of the world rather late. Growing up he mentions that his education Israel was utterly devoid of knowledge of European and world history, nor was he aware of the historical developments that characterized the Middle Ages, the Age of Exploration and European conquest of the non-European world. He knew of European history only in so far as it gave him an understanding about how he and his forebears ended up in the Land of Israel. Coming onto the subject cold, this new cornucopia of knowledge offered him certain advantages insofar as you learn to take nothing for granted or at face value. For people who emigrate to a new land, with different attitudes and customs from those they have known, there is the painful process that all immigrants experience in figuring out who they are, and how quickly they need to learn how to survive in this new environment. Harari is perhaps among the most incisive and farseeing writers I have encountered in recent times. He holds a PhD from Oxford University (no mean feat), and for someone who apparently spent his early years speaking and writing a non-Western language (Hebrew), his ability to translate his thoughts into English, and writing as well as he does, is an accomplishment that is beyond the reach of most other recent immigrants I have encountered in my lifetime. He must've spent an enormous amount of time with the Oxford Dictionary of the English Language!

It is clear to me that Harari is onto something. The strangeness that people feel when they run up against stuff they don't know, and have difficulty figuring out what to do, is going to be far beyond the cultural and linguistic barriers that recent immigrants typically experience. With English, there are thousands of words that have more than one meaning, and thousands of words that have shared meanings, depending upon context, and intent.

Harari is telling his readers to experience the strangeness that he must've felt speaking, writing, and using the English language for the first time. Most Americans are not used to learning foreign languages, because people come to America where relatively few people other than recent immigrants routinely converse and whatever other languages they happen to be trained in, or learn from infancy.

Briefly, the outline of this book is as follows.

In Part 1, Harari begins with a discussion of what he terms, "The Technological Challenge"., Followed by the head note reading, "Humankind is losing faith in the liberal story that dominated global politics in recent decades, exactly when the merger of Biotech and Infotech confronts us with the biggest challenges humankind has ever encountered."

He starts with, "Disillusionment; The End of History Has Been Postponed". Basically, Harari argues that humankind, having conquered the world, is vulnerable to technology that turns out to be an insidious threat to what it means to be human. He states that liberalism, as it used to be practiced at large in the world has reached something worse than just simply being a dead end, its consequences are becoming perverse. But conservatives should take no comfort from liberalism's embarrassment; nobody really wants to live in an authoritarian or fascistic state.

In today's world, 'work' is purposeful activity that society finds to be commercially useful, and worthy of paying money to people to perform whatever it is they do to make work productive. Harari says that work as we know it may become scarce because the skills that people acquire over a lifetime to make themselves productive enough to earn a living out of those activities, may be taken over by Artificial Intelligence, in which jobs that are not only repetitive, but includes those that require some form of judgment and discretion may become subsumed in the kind of tasks that AI can do more cost-effectively than people can. Undoubtedly, there will be numerous fixes that will be attempted to preserve jobs, but their prospects are likely to be some form of a rearguard action to delay the introduction of AI into those workspaces. Those worst off will likely be unskilled laborers were currently employed in Third World countries overseas at minimum wages. They will find that their labor is superfluous when a high tech companies in Silicon Valley, California, and elsewhere figure out how to harness 3D printers and comparable technologies to accomplish end-to-end production lines from concept to finished product for just about anything that is manufactured overseas.

So how do ordinary people earn money to meet their needs? How are they to be supported if they are not working in the private sector, for wages or salaries, and how much money will they need to survive. We are looking at Nth-degree consequences of a world in which machines and computer bots can manufacture whatever is needed to sustain human life. Programs of education and training need to be right-sized to meet the needs of the society as it exists nominally at the time of its inception, but for a generation or two down the road as school children mature into maturity, and thereafter into old age.

Political liberty and freedom are also on the auction block. What we experience today is freedom of choice, and how choices are arrived at, comes relatively recently in human history. Decision-making follows a well-trodden path where alternatives are weighed and measured, until the final choices made; what happens when humans are influenced by outside forces that they cannot fathom some of the choices they make benefit someone else, rather than themselves? What is to be said about 'free will' in the face of an AI algorithm that simulates human thinking and emotion? What can we say about 'Equality', when all meaningful data are owned by other people or corporate entities?

I'll leave the review here at this point, because having laid out some of the basic questions that Yuval Noah Harari writes about, I'll invite readers to find out for themselves by reading this highly provocative book.

8人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています

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Bernardo Noguera

Must read

2024年3月9日にドイツでレビュー済み

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Everyone should read this book. I think is well known that Yuval Noah Harari is a tremendous writer and whatever he writes is a must read, just like Sapiens and homo deus this too is a must read. You will start reading and you'll forget about time

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Ottima lettura

2024年3月5日にイタリアでレビュー済み

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Ottima lettura.
Consigli vivamente!
Un libro che ci fa riflettere su quello che è il mondo in cui viviamo.

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21 Lessons For The 21st Century SIGNED ハードカバー – 2018/8/30

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